Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are common contagious illnesses that affect the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, throat, and sometimes the ears. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our Pediatric Department provides comprehensive evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for children with upper respiratory infections, focusing on symptom management and prevention of complications.

Symptoms:

Nasal Symptoms:

• Runny or congested nose (rhinorrhea).
• Sneezing and nasal discharge.
• Nasal congestion or blockage.
• Postnasal drip.

Throat Symptoms:

• Sore throat (pharyngitis).
• Scratchy or irritated throat.
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Hoarseness or loss of voice.

Cough:

• Dry or productive cough.
• Coughing may worsen at night or with activity.
• Cough may be accompanied by chest discomfort.

General Symptoms:

• Fatigue or malaise.
• Low-grade fever.
• Body aches.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosing upper respiratory infections is primarily based on the child’s clinical presentation and symptoms. In some cases, additional tests such as throat swabs or viral cultures may be performed to identify the specific pathogen causing the infection, particularly if symptoms are severe or prolonged.

Treatment:

Symptom Management:

• Rest: Encourage plenty of rest to help the body recover.
• Hydration: Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
• Humidification: Use a cool-mist humidifier or steam inhalation to relieve nasal congestion and soothe throat irritation.
• Saline Nasal Drops: Saline nasal drops or sprays can help loosen nasal mucus and alleviate congestion, especially in young children.

Medications:

• Pain Relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used to reduce fever and alleviate pain associated with sore throat or body aches.
• Decongestants: Over-the-counter decongestants may help relieve nasal congestion, but should be used with caution in children and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
• Antihistamines: Antihistamines may be helpful for managing symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose, particularly if allergies are contributing to the symptoms.

Antibiotics:

• Antibiotics are not routinely prescribed for uncomplicated upper respiratory infections, as they are typically caused by viruses rather than bacteria.
• However, antibiotics may be necessary if a bacterial infection, such as strep throat or bacterial sinusitis, is suspected or confirmed.

Complications Prevention:

• Encourage frequent handwashing to prevent the spread of infection.
• Teach proper respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick.
• Ensure up-to-date vaccinations, including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.

Most cases of upper respiratory infections are self-limiting and resolve within a week or two with supportive care. However, if symptoms worsen or persist, or if the child develops signs of complications such as difficulty breathing or high fever, prompt medical attention should be sought.

 

What are the common symptoms of upper respiratory infections in children?

Common symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, low-grade fever, and general malaise.

 

How are upper respiratory infections diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms, but additional tests such as throat swabs or viral cultures may be performed in certain cases.

 

What treatments are available for upper respiratory infections?

Treatment focuses on symptom management and may include rest, hydration, humidification, pain relievers, decongestants, antihistamines, and in some cases, antibiotics.

 

How can upper respiratory infections be prevented?

Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, respiratory hygiene practices, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and ensuring up-to-date vaccinations.

 

When should I seek medical attention for my child’s upper respiratory infection?

Medical attention should be sought if symptoms worsen or persist, if the child develops difficulty breathing, high fever, or signs of complications, or if there are concerns about the child’s overall well-being.