Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of blood vessels that can disrupt normal blood flow in the brain. The Neurology Department at SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals specializes in the diagnosis and management of AVMs, providing comprehensive care to minimize complications.

Symptoms:

AVMs may be asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they can include headaches, seizures, neurological deficits, and, in some cases, hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis is essential to determine the appropriate course of action.

Investigation and Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves a thorough neurological examination, imaging studies such as angiography or MRI angiography, and sometimes additional tests to assess blood flow and vessel structure. Our neurologists collaborate with interventional radiologists and neurosurgeons for a comprehensive evaluation.

Treatment:

Treatment options for AVMs depend on factors such as size, location, and risk of complications. Interventions may include endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, or surgical resection. The goal is to prevent hemorrhage and improve overall vascular health.

 

What causes AVMs?

The exact cause of AVMs is often unknown. They may develop during fetal development, and genetic factors may play a role. Most AVMs are present from birth but may go undetected until later in life.

 

Can AVMs be present without causing symptoms?

Yes, many AVMs are asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, symptomatic AVMs may require intervention to prevent complications.

 

Are all AVMs treated?

Not all AVMs require treatment, especially if they are small and not causing symptoms. The decision to treat depends on factors such as the risk of hemorrhage and the individual’s overall health.

 

Can AVMs cause seizures?

Yes, AVMs can disrupt normal brain function and may lead to seizures. Seizures associated with AVMs may require antiepileptic medications and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

 

Is surgery always necessary for AVMs?

The necessity of surgery depends on factors such as the size, location, and symptoms associated with the AVM. Surgical resection may be recommended to prevent complications.

 

Can AVMs be treated non-surgically?

Yes, non-surgical treatments, such as endovascular embolization or stereotactic radiosurgery, may be considered based on the characteristics of the AVM and the individual’s overall health.

 

What is the risk of hemorrhage from AVMs?

AVMs carry a risk of hemorrhage, which can be unpredictable. The risk depends on factors such as the size, location, and characteristics of the AVM. Timely intervention can reduce the risk.

 

Can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of AVM complications?

While lifestyle changes cannot prevent the development of AVMs, adopting a healthy lifestyle may contribute to overall vascular health and minimize the risk of complications.