Uterine artery embolization (UAE), also known as uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our interventional radiologists specialize in UAE as an alternative to surgical options for women seeking relief from fibroid-related symptoms while preserving their uterus.

Procedure:

During uterine artery embolization, the interventional radiologist inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin. Using real-time imaging guidance, the catheter is advanced to the uterine arteries, which supply blood to the fibroids. Once in position, tiny particles or embolic agents are injected through the catheter into the uterine arteries to block blood flow to the fibroids. Without a blood supply, the fibroids shrink over time, leading to a reduction in symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure.

Indications:

Uterine artery embolization is recommended for women who experience symptomatic uterine fibroids, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, urinary frequency, and difficulty emptying the bladder. Candidates for UAE should have completed their childbearing or have no desire for future pregnancies, as the procedure may affect fertility.

Evaluation:

Before undergoing uterine artery embolization, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, which may include:

• Medical history review and physical examination to assess fibroid-related symptoms and overall health.
• Pelvic imaging studies, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids.
• Laboratory tests to evaluate blood counts and kidney function.
• Consultation with an interventional radiologist to discuss the procedure, potential risks, and benefits.

Post-procedure Care:

After uterine artery embolization, patients typically stay in the hospital overnight for observation and pain management. Most women can resume normal activities within a few days to a week after the procedure but should avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for several weeks. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor symptom improvement, assess fibroid size reduction, and address any concerns.

 

How does uterine artery embolization work to treat fibroids?

Uterine artery embolization blocks blood flow to the fibroids, causing them to shrink over time and relieving symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain.

 

Am I a candidate for uterine artery embolization?

Women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who have completed their childbearing or have no desire for future pregnancies may be candidates for UAE. A consultation with an interventional radiologist can help determine eligibility.

 

What are the advantages of uterine artery embolization over surgery?

UAE is a minimally invasive procedure that preserves the uterus and offers a shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgical options such as hysterectomy or myomectomy.

 

How soon can I expect to see improvement in my symptoms after uterine artery embolization?

Many women experience symptom relief within a few months after UAE, with continued improvement over several months as the fibroids shrink in size.

 

Will uterine artery embolization affect my fertility?

While UAE is not recommended for women planning future pregnancies due to potential effects on fertility, some women have successfully conceived and carried pregnancies to term after the procedure. Discuss your fertility goals with your healthcare provider before undergoing UAE.

 

What are the long-term outcomes of uterine artery embolization?

Studies have shown that the majority of women experience sustained symptom relief and fibroid shrinkage after UAE, with low rates of recurrence or need for additional treatments in the years following the procedure.

 

Are there any alternatives to uterine artery embolization for treating fibroids?

Depending on the size, number, and location of fibroids, alternatives to UAE may include traditional surgical options such as hysterectomy or myomectomy, or newer techniques such as focused ultrasound or radiofrequency ablation. Discuss the pros and cons of each treatment option with your healthcare provider to determine the best approach for your individual situation.