Gestational hypertension, also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), is a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our Obstetrics and Gynecology department provides comprehensive care for women with gestational hypertension, focusing on monitoring blood pressure, managing symptoms, and preventing complications to ensure the health and well-being of both mother and baby.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of gestational hypertension may include:

• High blood pressure (hypertension), typically defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, measured on two occasions at least four hours apart.
• Swelling (edema) in the hands, feet, or face, especially if accompanied by rapid weight gain.
• Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the urine, detected through a simple urine test.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of gestational hypertension involves regular blood pressure monitoring and urine testing during prenatal visits. Diagnostic criteria include elevated blood pressure measurements after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman, along with the presence of proteinuria.

Treatment:

Treatment of gestational hypertension aims to manage blood pressure levels, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia. Treatment options may include:

• Lifestyle modifications: Recommendations may include dietary changes, regular exercise, rest, and avoiding salt and caffeine.
• Monitoring: Regular prenatal visits with blood pressure monitoring and urine testing to assess for signs of worsening hypertension or preeclampsia.
• Medications: In some cases, antihypertensive medications may be prescribed to help lower blood pressure and prevent complications.

Prevention:

Prevention of gestational hypertension may include maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy, attending regular prenatal care visits, managing chronic medical conditions such as diabetes or obesity, and avoiding known risk factors such as smoking.

 

What causes gestational hypertension?

The exact cause is unknown, but factors such as genetics, obesity, preexisting hypertension, and vascular disorders may contribute to the development of gestational hypertension.

 

How is gestational hypertension different from preeclampsia?

Gestational hypertension involves high blood pressure without the presence of proteinuria or other signs of organ damage, whereas preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure along with proteinuria and potential organ complications.

 

Can gestational hypertension harm the baby?

Untreated gestational hypertension can lead to complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and placental abruption, which can affect the baby’s health and development.

 

Is gestational hypertension reversible after delivery?

In most cases, blood pressure returns to normal after delivery, but women with gestational hypertension are at increased risk of developing hypertension later in life and should continue to monitor their blood pressure regularly.

 

Can gestational hypertension lead to preeclampsia?

Yes, gestational hypertension is a risk factor for developing preeclampsia, especially if proteinuria or other signs of organ damage are present.

 

How is gestational hypertension treated during pregnancy?

Treatment may involve lifestyle modifications, monitoring, and, in some cases, medications to lower blood pressure and prevent complications.

 

Can gestational hypertension recur in future pregnancies?

Yes, women who have had gestational hypertension in a previous pregnancy are at increased risk of developing it again in subsequent pregnancies and should be closely monitored by their healthcare provider.