Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. They vary in size, ranging from small seedlings that go unnoticed to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our Obstetrics and Gynecology department offers comprehensive care for women with fibroids, providing personalized treatment plans to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of fibroids may include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding: Fibroids can cause prolonged or heavy menstrual periods, leading to anemia or fatigue.
• Pelvic pain or pressure: Large fibroids may cause discomfort or pelvic pressure, particularly during menstruation or sexual intercourse.
• Frequent urination: Fibroids pressing on the bladder may result in frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
• Constipation or bloating: Fibroids pressing on the rectum may cause constipation, bloating, or difficulty with bowel movements.
• Abdominal swelling or enlargement: Large fibroids may cause the abdomen to appear swollen or distended, similar to pregnancy.
• Infertility or pregnancy complications: Fibroids can interfere with fertility by affecting the shape or function of the uterus, leading to infertility or pregnancy complications such as miscarriage or preterm labor.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fibroids typically involves a pelvic examination, ultrasound imaging, or other imaging studies such as MRI to visualize the size, number, and location of fibroids. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Pelvic ultrasound: Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound imaging may help identify the presence of fibroids and evaluate their size and location within the uterus.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI scans can provide detailed images of pelvic structures and help differentiate fibroids from other uterine abnormalities.

Treatment:

Treatment options for fibroids depend on various factors, including the size, location, and symptoms associated with fibroids, as well as the patient’s age, reproductive plans, and overall health. Treatment may include:

• Watchful waiting: Small, asymptomatic fibroids may not require treatment but may be monitored regularly to assess changes in size or symptoms.
• Medications: Hormonal medications such as oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, or progestins may help shrink fibroids, reduce menstrual bleeding, or alleviate pelvic pain.
• Uterine artery embolization (UAE): A minimally invasive procedure in which small particles are injected into the uterine arteries to block blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink and alleviate symptoms.
• Surgical interventions: Surgical options for fibroids may include myomectomy (removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), depending on the patient’s fertility desires and severity of symptoms.

Prevention:

Prevention of fibroids is not always possible, but lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress may help reduce the risk of developing fibroids or alleviate symptoms associated with existing fibroids.

 

Can fibroids affect fertility?

Yes, fibroids can interfere with fertility by affecting the shape or function of the uterus, blocking the fallopian tubes, or impairing embryo implantation.

 

What are the treatment options for fibroids?

Treatment options may include watchful waiting, medications, uterine artery embolization, or surgical interventions such as myomectomy or hysterectomy.

 

Are there any natural remedies or lifestyle changes that can help manage fibroid symptoms?

While natural remedies such as dietary changes, herbal supplements, or acupuncture may offer symptom relief for some women, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before trying alternative therapies.

 

Can fibroids come back after treatment?

Yes, fibroids can recur after treatment, especially if underlying hormonal imbalances or genetic factors contribute to their development. Regular monitoring and ongoing management may be necessary to prevent recurrence.

 

How long does it take to recover from fibroid surgery?

Recovery time after fibroid surgery varies depending on the type and extent of the procedure performed, as well as individual patient factors. Close monitoring and adherence to postoperative care instructions are essential for optimal recovery.

 

Can fibroids cause complications during pregnancy?

Yes, fibroids can increase the risk of pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preterm labor, or delivery complications, depending on their size, location, and proximity to the placenta or birth canal.

 

Is there a cure for fibroids?

While there is no definitive cure for fibroids, symptoms can often be effectively managed with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications, allowing many women to lead productive lives.