Polypectomy is a common endoscopic procedure performed to remove polyps from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly the colon and rectum. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our Gastroenterology Department offers polypectomy as part of our comprehensive range of endoscopic services, aimed at early detection and management of GI conditions. Polypectomy is typically performed during a colonoscopy, which involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) into the colon to visualize the intestinal lining. When polyps are identified, specialized instruments are passed through the colonoscope to remove them. Different techniques may be used for polyp removal, including snare polypectomy, cold biopsy forceps, hot biopsy forceps, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), depending on the size and characteristics of the polyps.

Indications for Polypectomy:

Polypectomy is indicated for the removal of benign (non-cancerous) polyps as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Common indications include the detection of adenomatous polyps, which have the potential to develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Polypectomy allows for the removal of precancerous lesions, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer development and improving patient outcomes.

Types of Polyps:

Polyps in the colon and rectum can vary in size, shape, and histology. The two main types of polyps encountered during colonoscopy are adenomatous polyps and hyperplastic polyps. Adenomatous polyps are considered precancerous and are often targeted for removal to prevent the progression to colorectal cancer. Hyperplastic polyps are typically benign and may not require immediate removal unless they are large or exhibit concerning features.

Polypectomy Techniques:

The choice of polypectomy technique depends on various factors, including the size, location, and histology of the polyps. Snare polypectomy is commonly used for larger polyps and involves capturing the polyp with a wire loop (snare) and then cutting it from the intestinal wall. Cold biopsy forceps are used for smaller polyps and involve grasping the polyp with forceps and pulling it away. Hot biopsy forceps use cautery to remove polyps by cauterizing the base. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is reserved for larger polyps or those with suspicious features and involves injecting a saline solution beneath the polyp to lift it away from the intestinal wall before resection.

Post-polypectomy Care:

After polypectomy, patients are monitored for any immediate complications such as bleeding or perforation. Most patients can resume their normal activities and diet shortly after the procedure, although they may be advised to avoid strenuous activities for a brief period. Patients are also informed about the importance of follow-up colonoscopies to monitor for polyp recurrence and ensure early detection of any new lesions. Polypectomy is a valuable endoscopic procedure for the detection and removal of colorectal polyps, thereby reducing the risk of colorectal cancer development and improving patient outcomes. With advances in endoscopic technology and techniques, polypectomy can be performed safely and effectively, providing patients with early diagnosis and intervention for GI conditions. At SHIFAA PAN African Hospitals, our experienced gastroenterologists utilize state-of-the-art equipment and adhere to stringent safety protocols to ensure optimal outcomes for patients undergoing polypectomy.

 

What is polypectomy?

Polypectomy is a medical procedure used to remove polyps from the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and rectum. It is often performed during a colonoscopy.

 

What are the main types of polyps encountered during colonoscopy?

The two main types of polyps encountered during colonoscopy are adenomatous polyps and hyperplastic polyps.

 

Why is polypectomy performed?

Polypectomy is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is indicated for the removal of benign polyps and for the prevention of colorectal cancer development by removing precancerous adenomatous polyps.

 

What are the techniques used for polypectomy?

Different techniques may be used for polypectomy, including snare polypectomy, cold biopsy forceps, hot biopsy forceps, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), depending on the size and characteristics of the polyps.

 

What are the potential complications of polypectomy?

Potential complications of polypectomy include bleeding and perforation. Bleeding may occur immediately after the procedure or several days later, while perforation is rare but can occur if the intestinal wall is punctured during polyp removal.

 

What are the post-polypectomy care instructions?

After polypectomy, patients are typically monitored for immediate complications and advised to resume normal activities and diet shortly after the procedure. They may be instructed to avoid strenuous activities for a brief period and are educated about the signs and symptoms of complications.

 

How often should follow-up colonoscopies be scheduled after polypectomy?

Follow-up colonoscopies are important to monitor for polyp recurrence and ensure early detection of any new lesions. The frequency of follow-up colonoscopies depends on various factors, including the number and characteristics of polyps removed and the patient’s overall risk factors for colorectal cancer.